-Consider vertical vs. horizontal. Most cameras produce a rectangular picture so try fitting this format to your subject. People and trees, for example, go up and down, so most often a vertical composition should be used. Horizons go sideways, so a horizontal format is appropriate.
-Move in close! Filling the frame with your subject is perhaps the best way to add stopping power to your shot. This way, your picture is simplified and the viewer's attention isn't distracted. When photographing a person or animal, filling the frame is easily done with a telephoto lens.
-Check subject placement. Avoid placing the main subject smack in the middle of the picture. Photographs appear static and less interesting this way. Rather, by placing the subject off-center, a dynamic quality will be given to your shot that will make it much more exciting.
-Frame your subject. Remember to use tree branches, a doorway or window, even an archway to give your picture special impact.
-Use lead-in lines. Elements in a photograph should help lead attention towards the subject. Lead-in lines can be roads, fences, streams, pathways, etc.
-Watch your horizons. Above all, make sure that they are level in your picture, not running up or downhill. Remember that a low horizon line will accentuate spaciousness, especially when you have a dramatic sky. A high horizon line will de-emphasize the sky and instead suggest closeness.
